CentOS添加IUS软件源以安装新版本软件

Kevin 教程 1,584 次浏览 43条评论

CentOS默认源里的软件版本低是众所周知的，虽然基础软件得到长期安全支持。但有时没法满足使用需求。若要安装新版本软件，除手动编译和使用软件官方源（如果提供的话），可以通过第三方软件源安装。现在比较知名且广泛使用的源有EPEL、IUS、SCL、Remi，更多介绍可以查看这个页面。

笔者平时偏好于用EPEL+IUS，前者补充默认源里没有的软件，后者安装需要新版本的软件。

添加 IUS 源

IUS源和EPEL存在依赖关系，添加IUS前需要启用EPEL源。

sudo yum install epel-release

运行下面命令添加IUS源。RHEL商业版系统安装方法见这里介绍。

# CentOS 7
sudo yum install https://centos7.iuscommunity.org/ius-release.rpm

# CentOS 6
sudo yum install https://centos6.iuscommunity.org/ius-release.rpm

通过 IUS 源安装软件

安装软件前先查询软件版本和包名称，IUS为了与默认源里的软件区分，命名方式有所不同（软件安装路径和配置文件名称没有区别），由软件名+版本号+小版本号+u组成。

例如我们用yum search mariadb命令搜索MariaDB软件。以下是从搜索结果找到的软件版本（过滤了无关信息）。根据IUS软件命名规范，后两个是IUS源里的软件。可以用yum info 包名称查看详情。

mariadb-server.x86_64
mariadb100u-server.x86_64
mariadb101u-server.x86_64

如果只想搜索IUS源里的软件，不同时搜索其它软件源，使用下面命令。

yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="ius" search all 关键词

知道软件包名称就好办了，直接用Yum安装即可。IUS不会替换基础源里的软件，因此可以放心使用。更多IUS运作方式建议看下官方FAQ。

sudo yum install mariadb100u-server

如果你希望在安装所需软件后关闭IUS源，请编辑/etc/yum.repos.d目录下的软件源配置文件，将enabled参数改为0，之后用sudo yum repolist all命令检查软件源状态。如果你想用Yum命令操作，而非修改文件，可以参考这个帖子。

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