从媒体文件生成HLS流的简单实现方法

Kevin 杂记 1,185 次浏览 34条评论

前些天折腾HLS文件模拟直播的笔记部分，先就HLS生成方法发一文，等解决多文件轮播问题后再补充剩余部分。从本地文件切片生成HLS流媒体网上有多种工具可用，有功能强大但配置复杂的FFmpeg，也有简单适合新手使用的Nimble。下面分别介绍两者基本用法，更多功能则需大家去翻看文档。

HLS播放测试
HLS文件播放测试，移动浏览器大多可以直接播放，Chrome桌面版要安装Native HLS Playback插件。

下面操作环境为CentOS 7 64Bit。

FFmpeg生成HLS

1. 先安装Nginx提供Web环境。若要支持RTMP，需要添加nginx-rtmp-module模块。

2. FFmpeg安装相对麻烦一些，默认软件仓库里没有。除编译安装外一般通过Nux Dextop源安装，Nux Dextop依赖EPEL源，所以需逐个安装。

# 安装EPEL
yum install -y epel-release

# 导入Nux Dextop GPG密钥
rpm --import http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/RPM-GPG-KEY-nux.ro

# 安装Nux Dextop
rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-5.el7.nux.noarch.rpm

# 开始安装。若要安装开发包，带上ffmpeg-devel
yum install -y ffmpeg

3. 安装后建议关闭Nux Dextop源，因为平时很少用到，也避免可能与其它源冲突。

# 将文件里[nux-dextop]下的enabled参数改至0
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nux-dextop.repo

4. 上传媒体文件到服务器，运行下面命令即可生成HLS流，之后访问m3u8文件就可以播放。

ffmpeg -re -i /usr/share/nginx/html/test.mp4 -codec:v libx264 -codec:a libfaac -map 0 -f hls -hls_list_size 6 -hls_wrap 10 -hls_time 10 /usr/share/nginx/html/test.m3u8

上面命令为简单示例，FFmpeg有许多参数。例如HLS流模式设置，更改视频分辨率，ts文件时长等。

Nimble生成HLS

Nimble是一个相对小众的软件，用起来非常简单，本身提供Web环境。使用需先到官网注册账号。

1. vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nimble.repo创建文件以添加软件源。

[nimble] 
name= Nimble Streamer repository 
baseurl=http://nimblestreamer.com/centos/7/$basearch 
enabled=1 
gpgcheck=1 
gpgkey=http://nimblestreamer.com/gpg.key

2. 运行yum makecache命令刷新缓存，之后yum -y install nimble安装软件。

3. 输入注册的账号和密码，修改下面命令运行。

/usr/bin/nimble_regutil -u mail@example.com -p mypassword

4. service nimble start启动服务，登录控制面板进入服务器设置页面，点击Edit Nimble Routes。

Edit Nimble Routes

继续点击Add Vod Streaming Route。

Add Vod Streaming Route

填写请求目录和媒体文件路径。之后服务器会自动生成配置文件，后续即使在控制面板删除服务器也不影响使用。

Vod Streaming Via HLS

5. 防火墙放行Nimble默认8081端口。

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8081/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

6. 之后通过下面格式链接访问播放列表，Nimble会自动切割ts文件，不用手动操作。

http://example.com:8081/vod/test.mp4/playlist.m3u8

Nimble也有很多功能，部分要订阅才能使用，服务器软件是免费的。

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