sudo密码超时设置，避免短时间内多次输入

Kevin 教程 4,391 次浏览 61条评论

sudo是Linux下进行提权操作的授权程序，在经由管理员设置账户允许使用sudo后。那些需要root权限的操作，只需在命令前添加sudo，完成账户密码验证，相关操作即会以root权限运行。在这过程中，若要以不连续方式运行多条命令（间隔超过5分钟），sudo程序会要求重新输入密码验证。

这是sudo的一种安全机制，当用户成功使用sudo会生成一条记录。其中包含时间戳、用户ID、终端会话ID，之后5分钟内再次使用将无需输入密码。这个时间可以自定义设置，具体方法如下。

设置方法

1. 运行下面命令修改/etc/sudoers配置文件。需确保操作账户具有修改权限，wheel组账户可以满足要求，没有请切换root身份操作。

sudo visudo

注意不要用其它编辑器修改文件，因为可能存在语法问题，visudo会在保存时检查语法是否正确。

2. 打开文件后操作方法和vi编辑器一样（Ubuntu则是nano），在文件最后添加一行，内容如下。

Defaults:username timestamp_timeout=20

蓝色字符是账户名，红色是sudo密码缓存时长，单位分钟。若设置0，则每次操作都要密码确认。

如果文件内存在多条设置规则，后面的规则会覆盖先前的规则。

3 平时用完sudo后可以通过sudo -k命令清除密码缓存，使其重新开始计时。另外在不进行实际操作情况下，可以用sudo -v命令开始缓存。

结束语

虽然也可以直接关闭密码验证，一了百了解决问题。但这样会减低安全性，不建议也没有必要。如果需要长时间无密码操作，可以用sudo su或sudo -s命令临时切换root操作，退出用exit命令。

对于某些常用的操作，例如systemctl之类的，还可以创建NOPASSWD规则设置部分操作不要密码验证。具体可见man文档介绍。

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