Ubuntu 禁用 Netplan 而改用 ifupdown 配置网络
安装 Ubuntu Server 18.04 后发现网络配置方法有了变化，由原来的 ifupdown 改为了 Netplan。虽然网上可以轻易找到 Netplan 配置教程，如 Linode 这个或更详细官方文档，但对于需要沿用 ifupdown 的场景就会带来障碍。下面介绍如何禁用 Netplan 改回 ifupdown，并将默认 DNS 管理由 systemd-resolved 改回 resolvconf。
系统安装时设置
Netplan FAQ 里有提到，可以在系统安装时设置不用 Netplan（引导界面按 F6 键设置如下参数）。
netcfg/do_not_use_netplan=true
该方法似乎只在实体机上具操作性，用 VNC 和 VirtualBox 测试按 F6 没反应。网上查询说因安全原因拦截了部分按键，没有找到可行解决办法。试了几个 VNC 客户端和修改 ISO 镜像文件设置均无解。
系统安装后设置
下面操作如非 root 用户请在命令前加sudo。过程中需仔细检查确认，弄错了会丢失网络连接。
1. 安装 ifupdown、resolvconf 软件包。
apt install ifupdown resolvconf
2. 修改/etc/network/interfaces文件配置网络连接。
如设置 DHCP 网络（修改其中网卡名称。如要使用 eth0 经典命名方式，该文曾有介绍）。
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp
或设置静态网络（其中 DNS 语句如果不改回 resolvconf 将不会起作用，而需要在 systemd-resolved 所属的/etc/systemd/resolved.conf配置文件里设置）。
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
3. 关闭 & 重开网络接口，设置networking服务开机启动和重启使设置生效。
ifdown --force eth0 lo && ifup -a systemctl enable networking systemctl restart networking
之后可通过systemctl status networking检查是否设置成功。
4. 停止、取消和禁止 Netplan 相关服务运行，并移除 Netplan 软件包及其配置文件。
解释下所操作的服务：
networkd-dispatcher是 Netplan 后端服务（桌面版则是NetworkManager）；networkd-dispatcher是 Netplan 守护服务，可通过监听连接状态以执行特定事件操作；systemd-networkd-wait-online用于检测systemd-networkd所管理网络接口的连接状态；systemd-resolved新的 DNS 管理服务，其配置文件里有的参数依赖 Netplan 后端服务工作；
systemctl stop systemd-networkd networkd-dispatcher systemd-networkd-wait-online systemd-resolved systemctl disable systemd-networkd networkd-dispatcher systemd-networkd-wait-online systemd-resolved systemctl mask systemd-networkd networkd-dispatcher systemd-networkd-wait-online systemd-resolved apt purge nplan netplan.io
后续如要切换回 Netplan，别忘了恢复上述系统服务。将带有 mask 的命令换成 unmask 运行一次，不然即使 start disable 了也没法使用服务。
其它可能用到的命令扩展：
systemctl list-dependencies systemd-networkd --reverse查询指定服务所关联的依赖项；systemctl list-unit-files --type=masked --all列出/lib/systemd/system下被禁止的服务；
6. 完成以上操作就设置完成了，全文实测在 Ubuntu Server 18.04 系统下通过。
如果 DNS 解析不了，请检查/etc/resolv.conf所链接的文件是否是/run/resolvconf/resolv.conf。如果不是，运行下面命令设置。
ln -sf /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
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